Use of Violence as the Main Reason for Mussolinis Consolidation of Pow

Use of Violence as the Main Reason for Mussolini's Consolidation of Power from 1922-1928 Introduction  · Several reasons why Mussolini was able to consolidate his power between 1922 and 1928, such as Mussolini?s actions and strategy, co-operation from the elite and the failure of his opposition.  · However, I believe the most significant reason was the use of violence. Paragraph 1: Use of Violence  · July 1923: The Chamber, surrounded by Blackshirts, passed the Acerbo Law. This said that the party gaining the most votes in an election, provided that they obtained at least 25% of the votes, would take two-thirds of the seats.  · April 1924: Militia violence during the election. 1 Socialist candidate killed; meetings were stopped; hostile voters were intimidated and the Blackshirts stood next to the poling stations to frighten people into voting for the Fascists. Some Fascist voters were allowed to vote many times each. The ras had a virtually free hand in intimidating opponents in the small towns in the provin...

Factors affecting participation in certain sports Essay

Peer group Your peers are the people you mix with who have similar interests and backgrounds and are roughly your age. Your peer group has a big influence on the way you behave and the things that you do. This is not always expressed words. If you wear the â€Å"wrong† clothes or do the â€Å"wrong† things you can very quickly feel left out. If you peers approve of an activity, you will feel encouraged to do it. Sadly, peer-group pressure can also force people to give up sports even though they enjoy them. Family Your family can have a similar effect on you as your friends can. We pick up many of our habits and values from home. If your family enjoys sport and gives you the opportunities to participate, then it is likely that you will. Most young people depend upon parents and family for kit and help with travel to sports events. The opposite is again true. If your Family has a negative attitude to physical activity it is likely you will to. Gender There is a mistaken believe held by some people that sports is a man’s world. There certainly seem to be few barriers put up to prevent men from participating in physical activity. Far more men Participate in physical activity than women. Race People from minority ethic groups can be discriminated against when it comes to physical activity. Many people have the mistaken belief that they are physiologically different because they are a different colour, and this means they will be good at some activities and not others. For example some people believe that all black people are fast runners and they can not swim very well. This belief could be the reason why we see so many black runners and so very little black swimmers. Socio-Economic The activity you participate in may be determined to a large extent by what you can afford. Activities like sailing, golf and riding can be very expensive so many people from lower socio-economic groups are excluded from them. There are also many activities that cost very little. A kick around in the park with a group of friends, for example, and sport at school are mostly free. Unemployed people are in a difficult situation: plenty of time to fill but not much money. To encourage them, sports facilities often charge less, especially at quiet times of the day. Age Young people are encouraged to participate at school and have plenty of free time to take up sport. It also depends on the activity. To be a good gymnast you need to be young and flexible. Today, however, with computer technology not all youngsters want to spend their free time playing sports and not all sports are open to very young people. People tend to take part less in physical recreation as they get older as they often have more responsibilities and less free time to spend on sport. Stereotyping can mean that older people are discouraged from being physically active. Some older people stereotype themselves and believe that they are too old to take part in physically activity. However, there are many sports that you can enjoy into your old age. All you need is motivation to do it, the right facilities and no barriers to prevent you. Disability A disability may restrict your activities and other people’s prejudice can be a barrier to your participation. But disabled sport has received a much higher profile since the Paralympics games in Sydney, and the efforts of disabled athletes like Tanni Grey-Thompson have provided disabled people with excellent role models. Many sports have charged their rules to suit the needs of disabled people and have set up coaching and competitions for them. Facilities must now include ramps and lifts and special changing rooms so that disabled people can have full access. Access If there is a sports facility near where you live, and there is a good road system and public transport in place, then getting there is made easy. However, many people do not live within easy reach of sports facilities, and the public transport system is poor, so participation is made more difficult. Popularity, Promotion and Role models Participation in many sports varies. Because of media coverage during Wimbledon fortnight, tennis courts across the country are heavily used as seeing role models perform on TV encourages people to play the sport themselves. Not all sports attract media attention, however, and not all media coverage is positive. Some sports have increased in popularity by operating national schemes. Basketball, for example, is much more popular since the Basketball Outdoors Initiative of the 1990’s. Thousands of free facilities began to appear in parks and school playgrounds across the country encouraging more people to play. Environment and climate Participation in some activities also depends upon the environment and climate. It is very hard to become a top skier if you live in a very hot country and, if you want to practise mountaineering and you live in Holland, you have got to travel. So it is not hard to understand why countries like Switzerland and Canada produce very good skiers. Britain is traditionally good at sailing because it is an island and surrounded by water, Tradition and Culture Tradition and Culture also affect participation. For examples some cultures disapprove of women taking part in physical recreation in public or in mixed company. This is one reason why many sports centres operate â€Å"women only† sessions. Most sports (like rugby) have had a tradition of being male only. Women have had to work hard to be allowed to participate. Education Your education has a big effect on your attitude to sport physical recreation. If your school is keen on sport you will be encouraged to participate and if you enjoy it, you are likely to continue after you leave. The opposite is also true, however, for those who dislike PE. It is know that there is a drop in participation at the age of 16 when youngsters leave school. This is know as the post school gap and is perhaps caused by the desire to leave all school based activities behind you when you leave. Thankfully, many young people then see the benefits of physical activity and return to it later on in life. Politics The extent to which people take part in a physical activity also depends on their politicians. All governments get involved in sport for one reason or another. For example, facilities cost so much to build that the government usually has to pay at least something towards them. A government may promote sport for all in an attempt to cut the cost of the health service or cut crime. It may promote excellence in sport so as to bring a sense of pride to the country and raise its standing in the outside world. Sponsorship Sponsorship also has an effect on participation, as it is this that brings money into sport. Even local level, small businesses often sponsor teams and help them financially, allowing people to play. How ever sponsors can decide to pull out of the deal very easily and leaves the team needing to find another one or stop playing.

How Do You Remove a Stopper

Have you ever gotten a stopper stuck? JohnB. posted this question on the chemistry forum: How do you remove a ground glass stopper from a bottle with a ground glass neck? I have tried cold water (and ice) on the stopper and hot water on the neck, tapping the neck of the bottle, ammonia, holding the stopper with various types of cloths (rubber, cotton, etc.). All have failed, any suggestions? Aside from breaking the flask, what would you do?   Ã‚     Sarah  Ã‚     Submitted on 2014/04/02 at 4:40 pmThis method has just worked on an antique crystal perfume bottle within about 5 seconds! 3 taps with a wooden spoon and it came out. Brilliant !   Ã‚     Frank  Ã‚     Submitted on 2014/03/02 at 1:40 pmI purchased a late 19th-century storage jar for three dollars because the top was stuck. I tried the cold water and hot water methods with no success. I tried the tapping method and the top came off on the first try. Thank you very much for the information!   Ã‚     Pepper  Ã‚     Submitted on 2014/02/22 at 5:03 pmIt worked! I bought a bottle of Arpege with a â€Å"Frozen† stopper. Took me about an hour. Used a pipet to drop the oil and used my broken wooden spoon. After many tries, it came loose. I did not want to wait the week or two as instructed, Oh, in between time I tried to rock the stopper back and forth. Now I might be brave enough to buy other bottles with frozen stoppers.   Ã‚     Noel Colley  Ã‚     Submitted on 2014/02/18 at 6:38 amI have a mid 19th C (1854) communion set and the stopper was completely stuck, or so I thought until I found this method. Wooden spoons are so useful. This will save me struggling to open the bottle containing consecrated wine.   Ã‚     Lori  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/12/24 at 12:45 amExcellent!!!! tapping worked a treat!! purchased a gorgeous brown chemistry bottle (quite a large one) got it super cheap because the stopper could not be removed and it has something inside it but thanks to the wonderful tapping advice it is now open!!! now to figure out what the contents are and dispose of it accordingly, any ideas anyone?   Ã‚     Michal  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/10/28 at 4:27 amThe tapping method is great! I poured hot water over the neck of the flask and then used a wooden spoon for tapping. It took me just 3 minutes until the stopper came out.Thanks for your help, James as well as the others!   Ã‚     Blair  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/09/28 at 12:19 pmIT WORKED for me too. First I tried hot-cold and silicone spray and nothing. Then I read James idea and I tapped while slowly rotating it and on the fourth or fifth turn it fell right out. Do it over a towel and just tap gently. Who knew wooden spoons were for more than baking and discipline lol   Ã‚     David Turner  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/08/30 at 2:44 amFantastic James and othersThank you, SOO much!I have a Tantalus decanter with a stopper that had been stuck for many yearsTried heating bottle and freezing neck. Oils, WD 40 etc no luck.Googled to this site.Just tried a bit of oil and did 3 taps only†¦..and popped out.SavourCheersDavid from Bali. Russ  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/08/24 at 11:05 amCant thank you enough, I have an 18th-century  decanter that we use for cognac and over the summer it lacquered itself stuck. The oil and tapping method worked perfectly, I thought the stopper was stuck forever. Thanks!   Ã‚     Paul  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/07/04 at 7:55 pmThe tapping method just worked perfectly for me less than five minutes ago. I used a spoon I had just used for cereal. I’ve tried oils and cooling it and neither worked. It took three rounds of tapping and it came out easily.   Ã‚     Maria  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/05/27 at 9:30 amI purchased an old liquor bottle at an estate sale and couldn’t get the stopper out. Soaked it in warm water for about an hour then tapped on the stopper with the handle of a wood spoon, the stopper popped out into the bowl of warm water!   Ã‚     Lori  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/05/19 at 1:34 amI am equally astounded! I was scared to tap on an antique perfume bottle from Paris, but the stopped was jammed in and nothing I tried worked. I used the cushioned side of scissors handle and tapped lightly as described. It fell right out and was none the worse! Thanks so much for the awesome info!   Ã‚     Carl  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/05/11 at 6:25 amI’m astounded. The tapping method worked the third time to remove a glass stopper from a perfume bottle that was stuck solid and had defied all other attempts to remove it. It just suddenly came lose.   Ã‚     David  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/05/07 at 11:40 pmI came across this site looking for suggestions on removing a stuck ground glass stopper in a small crystal jug. I tried the tapping method and, on the second attempt, the stopper flew off. I had previously soaked the jug in hot water so there may have been a slight build up of pressure which caused the stopper to fly off, but the method certainly worked. Thank you   Ã‚     Mary  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/04/04 at 8:40 amI just tried the tapping of the bottle at 90 degrees as recommended by James in comment 2. The first time I tapped it, it did not work. The second time, I tapped it, the glass top of my ground glass Pyrex bottle popped out. To say I was amazed would not be an exaggeration. Thank you, James and thank you, Anne.   Ã‚     James  Ã‚     Submitted on 2013/02/05 at 9:51 amI had a stopper that felt like it was fused. It would not budge when applying pressure almost up to the breaking point of the glass. I live in a cold climate so I put some snow on the stopper and left it outside in -7C temp for an hour. Brought it in and placed it under luke warm water (40c ?). Stopper came out with ease. no friction.   Ã‚     Neil Hall  Ã‚     Submitted on 2011/09/30 at 6:09 pmBe careful about what kind of chemicals were in the bottle. There are chemicals which may have formed crystals in the neck of the bottle which might be explosive if moved by opening the bottle. Picric acid which used to found in school labs was one such chemical. There are several Picric Acid explosion videos on youTube.   Ã‚     Ginger  Ã‚     Submitted on 2011/09/30 at 5:36 pmFind an open door with the door opening away from you. Put the stopper in the space between the inner edge of the door and the door frame, and pull the door toward you gently until it has a good grip on the stopper. Then turn the bottle carefully. With luck, the door will hold the stopper and it will come out. If you turn the bottle too fast the stopper will break off, so be gentle.   Ã‚     BigMikeSr  Ã‚     Submitted on 2010/02/18 at 9:26 pmI presume that the bottle is empty. As a last resort, you might try gradually heating up the neck while rotating the bottle in the flame with a bunsen burner or torch. Wear gloves goggles and do it where broken glass is easy to clean up.   Ã‚     Mike  Ã‚     Submitted on 2009/10/15 at 6:29 pmIf the bottle contained alkali, you might as well throw it away, as it causes the joint to fuse.Otherwise, tapping and heating the outside of the joint with boiling water have worked for me.   Ã‚     James P Battersby  Ã‚     Submitted on 2009/10/12 at 11:41 amA drop of thin oil around the neck, left for a week or two; then if the stopper is still stuck the old chemists used to gently tap the stopper on two opposing sides, and then tap the neck of the bottle on the opposite opposing sides (at 90 degrees to where the stopper was tapped). It’s a lot harder to describe than demonstrate – but I have always found this to work.James   Ã‚     Frederick Frick  Ã‚     Submitted on 2009/10/12 at 9:03 amA drop or two around the neck and let it sit for awhile worked fine for me